كيف تعبر عن الأسباب والأثار عند تحدث باللغة الإنجليزية

كيف تعبر عن الأسباب والأثار عند تحدث باللغة الإنجليزية :

 . To express cause and effect in English, we us certain words and phrases

because

since

as

due to

because of

owing to

thanks to

as a consequence of

as a result of

To express cause and effect, these words or phrases will either be followed by a noun or a verb.

Followed by a noun

These cause/effect phrases are followed by a noun or noun phrase.

due to

because of

owing to

as a consequence of

as a result of

thanks to

In the following examples, the noun or noun phrase will be underlined.

The cause always comes after the cause/effect signal word or phrase.

Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect

Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Examples:

report card

1. Due to John's laziness, he did not pass the English test.

Signal phrase: Due to

Cause: John's laziness

Effect: He did not pass the test

2. He failed the test because of his bad study habits.

Signal phrase: Because of

Cause: His bad study habits

Effect: He failed the test

rain

3. As a result of the rain, we canceled the picnic.

Signal phrase: As a result of

Cause: The rain

Effect: We canceled the picnic

4. David could not attend owing to his illness.

Signal phrase: Owing to

Cause: David's illness

Effect: David could not attend

waking up

5. He was fired as a consequence of tardiness (being late).

Signal phrase: As a consequence of

Cause: Tardiness

Effect: He was fired

Followed by a verb

These cause/effect signal words are followed by a subject + verb or verb phrase.

because

since

as

for

In these examples, the subject + verb or verb phrase is underlined.

The cause comes after the cause/effect signal word or phrase.

Signal word/phrase + Cause, + Effect

Effect + Signal word/phrase + Cause

Examples:

report card

1. Because John was lazy, he did not pass the English test.

Signal word: Because